Persuaded Athens assembly to take a hard line when the Spartans demanded that Athens ease restrictions on city-states allied with Sparta. The FIRST phase of Peloponnesian War was uneventful and shorter than the second because... answer choices . Thucydides believed that Sparta was getting scared of Athens which caused the war. It was a struggle for power between the ancient Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta . To explain the Peloponnesian War first have to go through some of the important events that happened during that time. The Peloponnesian War (431 - 404 B.C.) One of the most important wars in the Ancient World was the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE). A clash of cultures - when Athens is fighting Sparta they are against a people with completely different values eg Athens is an open society whereas Sparta is closed etc. What is there a background of in the 440s BC? But that's not the Peloponnesian War, that's the first time that you start having very open conflict between the Spartans and the Athenians. There were few pitch battles and thus few opportunities for hoplite warfare as the Athenians avoided this, also the locations of some battles are strange eg some fought in forrests and not fields and at night, also troops fighting with bows and arrows. Why did Sparta want to force Athens into a pitched battle during the Archidamian War? Athens is defeated - End of Golden Age, Greek city-states severely weakened, Socrates is blamed for result of war and sentenced to death, King Philip of Macedonia is able to conquer all of Greece because the Greeks had been weakened by 30 years of war, Macedonian ruler is able to take advantage of the weakened Greek city-states and conquer them 338 BCE, Sparta (oligarchy) & Peloponnesian League vs. Athenian empire (democratic), leader who died in Athenian plague 430bce, Who did Sparta form an alliance with to oppose Athens and the Delian League, Sparta/Persia's fleet defeated the Athenian fleet, nothing good / Sparta's leadership was worse than Athens's / oligarchies were set up in all the cities /. The Histories, a historical text, was written by Athenian Thucydides, who was considered one of the first historians to produce a book that was written using a scientific application and without reference to the gods. The problem is war itself as a corrupting entity - the more war you fight the worse this war becomes 'proves a rough master' - a progressive decline in moral standards throughout the war as seen in Thucydides - is this a change in practice of warfare or a change in how people percieve war. Athens and Sparta had fought each other before the outbreak of the Great Peloponnesian War (in what is sometimes called the First Peloponnesian War) but had agreed to a truce, called the Thirty Years’ Treaty, in 445. Avoidance of battle with Spartans, the abandonment of Attica, raids on the Peloponnese and expansion into the north and east. There were more Spartan invasions of Attica and increased Spartan focus on a growth in naval power. The women in the progressive era succeeded to ensure the rights of the black people, specifically, changes were made to give an equal education to black children. Who are we dependent on as a contemporary source? Ethnic ties weren't working any longer after the Peloponnesian Wars and he believed that ethnicity wasn't important however because he is stating this opinion, we can infer that others believed ethnicity to be an important factor. What effect did the Peloponnesian War have on democracy? The Athenians attempted and failed to take control of Sicily in 415-413 BC - shows Athenian self-belief. told Sparta to attack Athens, or else they and their navy will change sides to Athenian allies. Nevertheless, war cannot be predicted. What was the ethnic division between the Athenians and the Spartans? Why are we dependent on Thucydides as a source for the Peloponnesian War? What is interesting about the battle against the Thebans and Plataeans in Book 2 of Thucydides? What issues did Athens have with Corinth? For webquest or practice, print a copy of this quiz at the Ancient Greece - Peloponnesian War webquest print page. What is the ideal of how Greek warfare works? Athens had an issue with Corinth's daughter city Corcyra and a granddaughter city Epidamnus. We shouldnt be worried that he is making things up, but instead be cautious about what he is not telling us, 'Believing that it would be a great war, and more worthy of relation than any that had preceeded it' - greater than the Trojan and Persian Wars. The conflict was a long drawn out war between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies. Athens refused to fight the Spartans which creates a stalemate and the war continues for ten years without any side gaining advantage and thus the Peace of Nicias followed. The Athenian fleet was destroyed which left Athens unable to supply food to Attica and due to starvation the Athenians were forced to surrender to Sparta. What comes out of Thucydides' account of the war distinctly? Why is the Ionian war also called the Decelean war? This copper engraving by Matthaus Merian illustration depicts the Athenian naval defeat near Corinth … The first phase is known as Archidamian War. Before the war, Athens had assumed much of the power over Greece.... See full answer below. What unusual battle does Thucydides account as the first battle of the Peloponnesian War? They starved Athens into submission after 27 years and Sparta succeeded in dismantling the Athenian empire and Sparta inevitably wins the Peloponnesian War. Athenians were Ionians and Spartans were Dorians. Persia and Sparta was eventually successful. As a result, the Peloponnesian War was concluded. What disaster occured for the Athenians during the half time period after the Peace of Nicias? What do the conflicts and harsh impositions between Athens and Corinth, Megara and Aegina all show? What was the Athenian strategy for the Archidamian War? Which state does Athens impose harshly on? Within the Greek world, who supported who regarding political alliance? What was the political division between the Spartans and Athenians? 12. Thucydides was an Athenian historian who served as a general in the Peloponnesian War. Aristophanes for what it was like in Athens during the war, also do similar things with tragedy - stuck with Thucydides for a narrative though. What came after the Peace of Nicias and the end of the Archidamian War? Athens-Delian League, Sparta-Peloponnesian League What effects did the Peloponnesian War have on all of Greece? When does Thucydides' narrative break off? When was the half time period after the Peace of Nicias? A plague struck Athens killing 1/3 of its citizens. The main outcome was. What was the cause of the Peloponnesian War according to Thucydides? Unfortunately, the response to the question is yes; the war can be inevitable. - It spread democracy to Sparta and a few other small city-states. Why does Thucydides think that the Peloponnesian Wars is warranting such bad warfare? But as we will see, this Peace of … What was the final period of the Peloponnesian war known as? The war ended the Golden Age of Athenian Culture and arguably weakened the Greek world forever. What is the result of the Archidamian war? What does Ober argue about the Peloponnesian War? Where do we find an example of a clash of cultures in Thucydides? The war began in 431 BC and lasted until 404 BC. Athens as an indirect threat to Sparta according to Thucydides. The outcomes of the war caused a big change in ancient Greek. What naval disaser occured for the Athenians during the Ionian war? Sparta's leaders gave Athens an ultimatum, these types of government were on a quest for power. The Peloponnesian War was the most devastating war in the ancient Greek that was between the two most powerful states at that time Athens and Sparta. There are superficial causes (triggers) eg conflic with Potidaea, Corcyra, Aegina and Megara. The war is named for the Peloponnesus, the peninsula on which Sparta is located. In Book 1 where the Corinthians complain to/about the Spartans by contrasting them with the Athenians. The expedition ended in a devastating defeat for the Athenian forces, severely impacting Athens. Democracy for Athenains vs oligarchy for Spartans. Where did both Athens and Sparta appeal to for especially financial support during the Ionian War? Start studying Greece Pre al sol review. The Peloponnesian war happened in 431 to 404 BC between Athens and Sparta, it began because of the fear that Sparta had of the power and prosperity of Athens and lasted 27 years. What was the reality of warfare in the Peloponnesian wars? Simultaneous to the end of this conflict came the end of the golden age of ancient Greece. Importance of the Peloponnesian War . Sparta seems to have been particularly alarmed at the growing power of Athens, able to build an ever-bigger fleet of ships thanks to tributes from its allies and dependants. What other sources could we look at for the significance of the war? Xenophon who picks up where Thucydides left off but doesnt overlap, Herodotus who occasionally mentions a later event but doesnt overlap, Diodorus Siculus who in part is re-writing Thucydides and so there is not a totally seperate version. Pericles died unexpectedly. What did Loraux argue about Thucydides' war? What happened during the Ionian War regarding Attica? It is a war which polarises the Greek world - you are either with Athens or with Sparta. There is tension between Thucydides being a historian and his intention to create a theoretical model about what war does to a state and how it changes the cultures and politics of a society, Historical importance eg defeat of Athens, temporary rise of Sparta and socio-cultural importance eg polarisation of Athens/Sparta, changes in warfare and changes in morality. The period demonstrates the inherent complexity in understanding the concept of strategy, a concept that remains devoid of … Caused a slowing in cultural advancements weakening political power for the Greek city-states, the economy collapsed 2 The question that crosses the mind of the readers, as they read the book, Peloponnesian war, is that; is war inevitable? athenian navy destroyed, war continued until it surrendered Outcomes of the Peloponnesian War sparta won, most city-states were destitute, agriculture destroyed, trade almost nonexistent, and left greece … Decelea in Athens was where the Spartans created a permanent base - they are not just invading annually anymore in order to get the Athenians to fight them. What did Thucydides believe about Sparta in relation to Athens which caused the Peloponnesian war? Lasting for more than a quarter of a century, it marked the end of the golden age of Greece. Chapter Summary for Thucydides's The History of the Peloponnesian War, book 5 chapter 17 summary. It was important for the Athenians in how they percieved themselves and why they wanted conflict with Sparta eg Pericles' Funeral Oration - praise of the Athenian way of doing things whilst criticising the Spartans. Based on historical evidence, experts have divided this war into 3 different phases. It occurs at Plataea which is reminiscent of the last battle which happened there during the Persian Wars and also, it is the first battle Thucydides accounts, which is how he introduced the war deliberately - this is a dirty war unlike the Persian Wars. The Spartans held their assembly as less important than the Athenians and they had two kings - Sparta has elements of lots of different constitutional forms. There is no other complete narrative of the Wars. Greeks fighting Greeks it is not natural unlike fighting barbarians such as Persians. The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE) was fought between Athens and its empire, known as the Delian League, and the Peloponnesian League, led by Sparta. And these conflicts last for, on the order of about 15 years, and they're ended with what's called the Peace of 30 Years. Thucydides’s account of the Peloponnesian War provides for a range of lessons about the nature of strategy applicable to a wide audience. What did ethnic ties supposedly determine? Results of the Peloponnesian War Athens is defeated - End of Golden Age, Greek city-states severely weakened, Socrates is blamed for result of war and sentenced to death, King Philip of Macedonia is able to conquer all of Greece because the Greeks had been weakened by 30 years of war the downfall of the Delian League (in effect the Athenian Empire). Fought between the allies of Sparta and the empire of Athens, the crippling Peloponnesian War paved the way for the Macedonian takeover of Greece by Philip II of Macedon and, following that, Alexander the Great's empire. What is the conflict between Athens and Sparta set up as being a result of? The Histories is written about the Peloponnesian War and the events that led to its outbreak. In this war, Sparta invaded Attica several times, while Athens used its naval might attack the Peloponnesian coast to put down any signs of unrest. 'The Athenians everywhere destroyed oligarchies, the Spartans democracies. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In the 5th century BCE Sparta and Athens were the two major powers in Greece and it was perhaps inevitable that their spheres of influence would overlap and cause conflict. The war occupies over one third of a century (27 years) which not everyone agrees with but Thucydides does because he defends it do passionately (he could be the only one however) - this makes the war great as it is the longest war. What did Thucydides believe about ethnic ties with relation to the Peloponnesian war? What was the Sparta strategy of the Archidamian War? Democracy in Athens was briefly overthrown in 411 BCE as a result of its poor handling of the Peloponnesian War. Athens army refused to face Sparta. What Athenian aggression occured during the half time period after the Peace of Nicias? The Peloponnesian War and Athenian Life. Athens and Sparta had cooperated during the Persian War, but relations between these two most powerful states in mainland Greece deteriorated in the decades following the Greek victories of 479 B.C. Sparta became the dominant city state for a while but lost the authority as leagues and alliances sprouted up around them. Peloponnesian War reshaped the ancient Greek world. Sparta was busy dealing with the aftermath of an earthquake and a … What occured within the half time after the Peace of Nicias? Due to involvement in the progressive era, the women got the right to vote. During this conflict, Greek warfare evolved from an originally limited and formalized form of conflict, to all-out … Though it was formally a state of peace, practically hostilities and conflicts continued on for example the Battle of Mantineia in 418 BC (this was a picth battle). The Sicilian Expedition was an Athenian military expedition to Sicily, which took place from 415–413 BC during the Peloponnesian War between the Athenian empire, or the Delian League, on one side and Sparta, Syracuse and Corinth on the other. Democracies supported Athens and oligarchies supported Sparta. Warfare as being noble and glorious - not running away. In the following years their respective blocs observed an uneasy peace. Back to History for Kids Thebans against the city of Plataea - Thebans bribed their way into the city (no invasion), Plataea outsmarted them by fake-surrendering, women and slaves were involved in the battle, weapons used were stones and tiles, some Thebans retreat because of bad weather - it is the opposite of idealised warfare. The Peloponnesian War ended in victory for Sparta and its allies, but signaled the demise of Athenian naval and political hegemony throughout the Mediterranean. Because of the unity and Greek identity developed as a result of the Persian Wars, which Herodotus recounst in Book 8 - this unity has been dismantled. Sparta was also suspicious of the Athenians' project to rebuild their Long Wall fortifications whi… The Peloponnesian War was a conflict between the Greek city-states, Athens and Sparta, from 431 BC that brought an end to the Hellenic age of Pericles and his empire by the succession of Sparta by the end of the war. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Start studying Peloponnesian War. What were some key differences between how the Spartans conducted politics compared with the Athenians? How politics would be conducted eg oligarchy, democracy, kingship etc. What effect did the divisions in politics have on the Athenians? What happened at Aegospotamoi with the Athenians during the Ionian War? Sparta was better at Hoplite warfare than Athens and thus they wanted to put Athens under siege. Athenian expansion as a cause of the Peloponnesian War - Athens attempted to impose its power on other city states. Hence, there is a need for a proper study concerning the individual situations, reactions, and actions taken. The Peloponnesian War was fought between 431 and 404 bc . The Peloponnesian War Causes. In this period of the war Sparta and her allies invaded the lands of Attica and took control thus trying to stop Athens from having all its lands for food production. What is another example of negative warfare in the Peloponnesian Wars, other than the battle of the Thebans and Plataeans? What is the first phase of the Peloponnesian war called? Find a summary of this and each chapter of The History of the Peloponnesian War! As the preeminent Athenian historian, Thucydides, wrote in his influential History of the Peloponnesian War, "The growth of the power of Athens, and the alarm which this inspired in Lacedaemon, made war inevitable." What does Thucydides believe about the dates of the war? Sparta won the Peloponnesian War, becoming the dominant power in ancient Greece. Before the Peloponnesian War, the city-states of Greece had worked together to fight off the Persians. famous Greek historian wrote about the Peloponnesian War and is considered the first scientific historian because he relied on only facts. Athens' Golden Age Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. an alliance of Greek city states led by Athens to protect Greece from further Persian attacks, an alliance of Greek city states led by Sparta to counter the Delian League, Athens forces other city-states to contribute money and materials to the Delian League, Sparta forms Peloponnesian League in response to Delian Leagu, Sparta is fearful of Athens growing power - even jealous of it, Pericles ambition to build an empire leads to conflict with Sparta, The Peloponnesian War raged from 431 to 404 BCE, Spartan army burns Athens crops, Plague kills 1/3 of population, Pericles is killed by the plague, Internal conflict - oligarchic revolt, City-states under Athenian control revolt and leave Delian League, Treasury is empty no money to fund war, Athenian navy defeated at battle of Aegospotami, Persia sends money and ships to aid Sparta. 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